Publications

2020s

2010s

In Press

Rafner, J., Sherson, J., Rahimi, S. et al. (in preparation). Hybrid intelligence manifesto: A socio-technical third way beyond AI-first automation and shallow human-centered oversight [Open-access manifesto and consortium position paper].
Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (in press). Evidence-centered foundations of stealth assessment. In Robert Mislevy tribute. Study Group.
Esmaeiligoujar*, S. & Rahimi, S. (under review). Digital games’ impact on K-12 students’ 21st century skills: A systematic review. Submitted to the Gaming & Simulation journal.
Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar*, S., Celik*, D., Gao*, R., Keawphonkrang*, S. (under review). Promoting growth mindset game-based learning: A systematic review of the literature. Submitted to the Gaming & Simulation journal.
Weiss, S., Beaty, R. E., Acar, S., Baas, M., Barbot, B., Doebler, P., Dumas, D., Goecke, B., Green, A. E., Jaggy, A.-K., Kenett, Y. N., Kyllonen, P. C., Lebuda, I., Miroshnik, K. G., Organisciak, P., Rafner, J., Rahimi, S., Reiter-Palmon, R., Salvi, C., Saretzki, J., Sherson, J., Silvia, P. J., Steger, D., Stella, M., Urban, K., Urban, M., Viskontas, I., Volle, E., Wilhelm, O., & Benedek, M. (under review). COCA 2026: Consensus on creativity assessment. Nature Reviews Psychology.
Rahimi, S., Ercan*, D., Gao*, R., Esmaeiligoujar*, S. (under review). ProductiveMath: Human-in-the-Loop Generative AI for Scaling Productive Failure in Math Teaching and Learning. Submitted to Computers & Education.
Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar*, S., Celik*, D., & Shute, V. J. (under review). Stealth assessments in technology-rich learning environments: A systematic review of implementation, modeling, and psychometric quality. Submitted to Review of Educational Research.
Rahimi, S., Abduli, S., Mervarz, M., & McLaren, B. (in preparation). How to integrate learning supports in educational games to maximize learning without sacrificing the fun: A systematic review of the literature.
Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (in press). Personalized learning in educational games using stealth assessment. In M. L. Bernacki & C. Walkington (Eds.), Handbook of Personalized Learning. Routledge.
Rahimi, S., Dede, C., Esmaeiligoujar, S., & Babaee, M. (in press). Augmenting human creativity with responsible and ethical use of generative AI. In M. Worwood & J. C. Kaufman (Eds.), Generative Artificial Intelligence and Creativity. Academic Press.
Rahimi, S., Babaee, M., Esmaeiligoujar, S., & Dede, C. (in press). Using Generative AI in K–12 Classrooms to Assess and Support Students’ Creativity: A Scoping Review. In R. Beghetto (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Human Creativity × Generative AI in Education.
Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., & Almond, R. G. (in press). Stealth assessments in digital learning environments: Current trends, new directions, and ethical considerations. Journal of Research on Technology in Education (JRTE).

2026

2025

Mehrvarz, M., Abdoli, S., Kahveci, E. N., Rahimi, S., & McLaren, B. M. (2025). The Impact of Hint Modality in Digital Game-Based Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. In Rajala, A., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2025 (pp. 2939-2941). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/11646
Walker, J. T., Rahimi, S., Barany, A., & Lin-Lipsmeyer, L. (2025). Generative Inquiry: Creativity Assessments of Youth Epistemic Agency and in a Computational Data Science Workshop. In Rajala, A., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2025 (pp. 538-546). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/11775
Leite, W. L., Hammerschmidt-Snidarich, S., Huggins-Manley, A. C., Karakis, H. K., Lane, H., Rahimi, S., Shen, Q., Tai, X., & Schmidt, M. (2025). Storiza: A Platform to Support Children’s Oral Reading Fluency Development With Generative Ai. In Rajala, A., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2025 (pp. 1574-1578). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/11320
Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar*, S., Gao*, R., Ercan*, D., & Keawphonkrang*, S. (2025). The Effects of Digital Games on Pre-K-12 Students’ Growth Mindset: A Systematic Review. In Rajala, A., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2025 (pp. 476-483). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/11768
Toofaninejad, E., Bagheri, S., Kalantarion, M., & Rahimi, S. (2025). Unlocking knowledge or trapped in distraction? Use of escape room to enhance medical education. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 20(3), 332–334.
Ercan, D., Esmaeiligoujar, S., & Rahimi, S. (2025). Improving Pre-K–12 Students’ Executive Functions Using Digital Games: A Systematic Review. ICLS 2025, 826–834. ISLS.
Rahimi, S., Ercan, D., Gao, R., Esmaeiligoujar, S., Babaee, M., et al. (2025). ProductiveMath: A Generative-AI-Powered App to Support Productive Failure Teaching. AIED 2025, 344–351. Springer.

2024

Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar, S. (2024). UF’s Artificial Intelligence in Education Workshop: A State-of-the-Art Perspective from Academia and Industry. Institute of Advance Learning Technologies (IALT), University of Florida. https://ialt.education.ufl.edu/ai-in-education-workshop/
Esmaeiligoujar*, S., Rahimi, S., & Babaee*, M. (2024). Using Digital Games to Enhance 21st-Century Skills Development in K-12 Education: A Systematic Review. In Lindgren, R., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2024 (pp. 2197-2198). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/10933
Babaee*, M., Rahimi, S., & Esmaeiligoujar*, S. (2024). Fostering K-12 Students’ Computational Thinking Skills Using Collaborative Technology-rich Learning Environments: A Systematic Review. In Lindgren, R., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2024 (pp. 786-792). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/11170
Habibi, A., Toofaninejad, E., Rahimi, S., & Kalantarion, M. (2024). The Transformative Impact of Stealth Assessment on Medical Education. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 12(3), 208-210. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2024.101479.1931
Rahimi, S., Almond, R., Weisberga*, L., Ramírez-Salgadoa*, A., Lua*, J., Myersa*, T., Song*, Y., Wanga*, X., Christine*, W., Francoisa*, M., Wanga*, B., Mosesa*, J., & Wrighta*, E. (2024). Competency model development: The backbone of successful stealth assessments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (JCAL). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.13025
Rahimi, S., & Esmaeiligoujar, S. (2024). UF’s AI in Education Workshop: A Perspective from Academia and Learning Industry. Digital Promise & ISLS Rapid Community Report Series, 1–20.
Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2024). Stealth assessment: A theoretically grounded and psychometrically sound method. Educational Technology Research & Development, 72(5), 2417–2441.
Rahimi, S., Smith, J. B., et al. (2024). An automated, unobtrusive, formative assessment of creativity in a computer science and music remixing learning environment. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts.

2023

Rahimi, S. (2023, November 3). I decide to be creative and study it creatively [Blog post]. Messier Website’s Blog Posts on Creativity. https://www.messier.co/post/i-decide-to-be-creative-and-study-it-creatively
Rahimi, S., Shute, V., Khodabandelou, R., Kuba, R., Babaee*, M., & Esmaeiligoujar*, S. (2023). Stealth assessment: A systematic review of the literature. In Blikstein, P., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 17th International Conference of the Learning Sciences – ICLS 2023 (pp. 1977-1978). https://repository.isls.org//handle/1/10118
Rahimi, S., Smith, J. B., Truesdell, E. J.K., Vinay, A., Boyer, K. E., Magerko, B., Freeman, J., & Mcklin, T. (2023). Validity and Fairness of an Automated Assessment of Creativity in Computational Music Remixing. CEUR Workshop Proceedings at AI in Education 2023 Conference: Automated Assessment and Guidance of Project Workshop.
Shute, V. J., Fulwider, G. C., Liu, Z., & Rahimi, S. (2023). Machine Learning. In R. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. Ercikan (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (4th Edition) (pp. 83-91). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.14013-8
Smith, G., Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., Kuba, R., & Dai, C.-P. (2023). Stealth assessment and digital learning game design. In M. P. McCreery, & S. K., Krach (Eds.), Games as stealth assessments (pp. 81-100). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0568-3.ch004
Rahimi, S., Almond, R., Shute, V. (2023). Stealth assessment’s technical architecture. In M. P. McCreery, & S. K., Krach (Eds.), Games as stealth assessments (pp. 61-80). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0568-3.ch003
Rahimi, S., Almond, R., Shute, V., Sun, C. (2023). Getting the first and second decimals right: Psychometrics of stealth assessment. In M. P. McCreery, & S. K., Krach (Eds.), Games as stealth assessments (pp. 125-153). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0568-3.ch006
Rahimi, S., Walker, J., Lin, L., & Shin, J. (2023). Toward defining and assessing creativity in sandbox games. Creativity Research Journal, 36(2), 194–212.
Rafner, J., Wang, Q. J., et al. (2023). Towards game-based assessment of creative thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 35(4), 763–782.
Rahimi, S. (2023). Going beyond the brick: Assessing and supporting creativity using AI-powered digital games. Creativity Research Journal, 37(2), 275–283.

2022

Rahimi, S., Fulwider, C., Jiang, S. & Shute, V. J. (2022). Predicting learning gains in an educational game using feature engineering and machine learning. In C., Chinn, E., Tan, C., Chan, & Kali, Y. (Eds.), International Collaboration toward Educational Innovation for All—the ICLS proceedings (pp. 2124-2125).
Rahimi, S., Walker, J., Lin, L., & Shin, J. (2022). In pursuit of creativity in Minecraft: A mixed-method approach. In C., Chinn, E., Tan, C., Chan, & Kali, Y. (Eds.), International Collaboration toward Educational Innovation for All—the ICLS proceedings (pp. 1397-1400).
Bainbridge, K., Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., Liu, Z., Slater, S., Baker, R. S., & D’Mello, S. (2022). Does embedding learning supports enhance transfer during game-based learning? A case study with Physics Playground. Learning and Instruction, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101547
Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (2022). Stealth assessment: A primer. Digital Promise & ISLS Rapid Community Report Series, 1–11.
Yang, X., Rahimi, S., et al. (2022). Exploring students’ behavioral patterns when playing educational games with learning supports at different timings. Educational Technology Research and Development, 70(4), 1441–1471.
Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., et al. (2022). Timing of learning supports in educational games can impact students’ outcomes. Computers & Education, 190, 104600.

2021

Shute, V. J., Lu, X., & Rahimi, S. (2021). Stealth assessment. In J. M. Spector (Ed.), The Routledge Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 1-9). London, UK: Taylor & Francis group.
Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. (2021). The Effects of Video Games on Creativity. In S. Russ, J. Hoffmann, & J. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Lifespan Development of Creativity (pp. 368-392). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yang. X., Rahimi, S., Shute, V., Kuba, R., Smith, G., Alonso Fernández, C. (2021). The relationship among prior knowledge, accessing learning supports, learning outcomes, and game performance in educational games. Educational Technology Research and Development (ETRD). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09974-7
Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., & Zhang, Q. (2021). The effect of game difficulty and conceptual difficulty on student persistence in a learning game: a hierarchical linear modeling approach. International Journal of Technology in Education & Science. 5(2), 141-165. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.118
Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., Kuba, R., Dai, C-P., Yang. X., Smith, G., & Alonso Fernández, C. (2021). The use and effects of incentive systems on learning and performance in educational games. Computers & Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104135
Kuba, R., Rahimi, S., Smith, G., Shute, V., Dai, C-P. (2021). Using the first principles of instruction and multimedia learning principles to design and develop in-game learning support videos. Educational Technology Research and Development (ETRD). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09994-3
Rafner, J., Biskjær, M. M., Zana, B., Langsford, S., Bergenholtz, C., Rahimi, S., Carugati, A., Noy, L., & Sherson, J. (2021). Digital games for creativity assessment: Strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. Creativity Research Journal, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2021.1971447
Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2021). Learning analytics dashboards in educational games. In Sahin & Ifenthaler (Eds.), Visualizations and Dashboards for Learning Analytics, pp. 527–546. Springer.
Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (2021). Stealth assessment of creativity using video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 106647.
Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2021). First inspire, then instruct to improve students’ creativity. Computers & Education, 174, 104312.

2020

Rahimi, S. (2020, June 22). The inspirational silver lining for learning in Iran [Blog post]. Silver Lining for Learning Initiative Blog. https://silverliningforlearning.org/the-inspirational-silver-lining-for-learning-in-iran/
Rahimi, S. (2020). Virtual Reality in education. The Iranian encyclopedia of curriculum and instruction (9 pages). Talaei, E. (Ed.). Tehran, Iran. www.daneshnamehicsa.ir.
Almond, R. G., Shute, V. J., Tingir, S., & Rahimi, S. (2020). Identifying observable outcomes in game-based assessments. In R. Lissitz and H. Jiao (Ed.), Applications of artificial intelligence to assessment (35 pages). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Shute, V. J., Smith, G., Kuba, R., Dai, C-P., Rahimi, S., Liu, Z., & Almond, R. G. (2020). The design, development, and testing of learning supports for the Physics Playground game. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-020-00196-1
Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., et al. (2020). Maximizing learning without sacrificing the fun: Stealth assessment, adaptivity, and learning supports in educational games. Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning, 37(1), 1–15.

2019

Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., & Lu, X. (2019). Supporting learning in educational games: Promises and challenges. In P. Díaz, A. Ioannou, K. K. Bhagat, & J. M. Spector (Eds.), Learning in a Digital World. New York, NY: Springer.
Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., & Smith, G. (2019). Game-based learning analytics in Physics Playground. In M. Chang, & A. Tlili (Eds.), Data analytics approaches in educational games and gamification systems (26 pages). New York: Springer.
Shute, V. J., Ke, F., Almond, R. G., Rahimi, S., et al. (2019). How to increase learning while not decreasing the fun in educational games. In R. Feldman (Ed.), Learning Science: Theory, Research, and Practice. McGraw-Hill.
Spann, C. A., Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., & D’Mello, S. K. (2019). The productive role of cognitive reappraisal in regulating frustration during game-based learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 358–369.

2018

Binti Mat Sin, N., Ab Aziz, A., Othman, H., Rahimi, S. A., & Woods, P. (2011). E-learning Islamic studies to form four students. Journal of Computer Technology and Application, 2, 439–448.
Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2016). Designing the class as a game to promote active learning in K–12 education. AECT 2016 Proceedings, 109–117.
Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (2017). Review of computer-based assessment for learning in elementary and secondary education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 33(1), 1–19.
Karumbaiah, S., Rahimi, S., Baker, R. S., Shute, V. J., & D’Mello, S. (2018). Is student frustration in learning games more associated with game mechanics or conceptual understanding? ICLS 2018. London, UK.

Publications

In Press

Rafner, J., Sherson, J., Rahimi, S. et al. (in preparation). Hybrid intelligence manifesto: A socio-technical third way beyond AI-first automation and shallow human-centered oversight [Open-access manifesto and consortium position paper].

Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (in press). Evidence-centered foundations of stealth assessment. In Robert Mislevy tribute. Study Group.

Esmaeiligoujar*, S. & Rahimi, S. (under review). Digital games’ impact on K-12 students’ 21st century skills: A systematic review. Submitted to the Gaming & Simulation journal.

Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar*, S., Celik*, D., Gao*, R., Keawphonkrang*, S. (under review). Promoting growth mindset game-based learning: A systematic review of the literature. Submitted to the Gaming & Simulation journal.

Rahimi, S., Ercan*, D., Gao*, R., Esmaeiligoujar*, S. (under review). ProductiveMath: Human-in-the-Loop Generative AI for Scaling Productive Failure in Math Teaching and Learning. Submitted to Computers & Education.

Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar*, S., Celik*, D., & Shute, V. J. (under review). Stealth assessments in technology-rich learning environments: A systematic review of implementation, modeling, and psychometric quality. Submitted to Review of Educational Research.

Rahimi, S., Abduli, S., Mervarz, M., & McLaren, B. (in preparation). How to integrate learning supports in educational games to maximize learning without sacrificing the fun: A systematic review of the literature.

Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (in press). Personalized learning in educational games using stealth assessment. In M. L. Bernacki & C. Walkington (Eds.), Handbook of Personalized Learning. Routledge.

Rahimi, S., Dede, C., Esmaeiligoujar, S., & Babaee, M. (in press). Augmenting human creativity with responsible and ethical use of generative AI. In M. Worwood & J. C. Kaufman (Eds.), Generative Artificial Intelligence and Creativity. Academic Press.

Rahimi, S., Babaee, M., Esmaeiligoujar, S., & Dede, C. (in press). Using Generative AI in K–12 Classrooms to Assess and Support Students’ Creativity: A Scoping Review. In R. Beghetto (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Human Creativity × Generative AI in Education.

Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., & Almond, R. G. (in press). Stealth assessments in digital learning environments: Current trends, new directions, and ethical considerations. Journal of Research on Technology in Education (JRTE).

2026

2025

Toofaninejad, E., Bagheri, S., Kalantarion, M., & Rahimi, S. (2025). Unlocking knowledge or trapped in distraction? Use of escape room to enhance medical education. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 20(3), 332–334.

Ercan, D., Esmaeiligoujar, S., & Rahimi, S. (2025). Improving Pre-K–12 Students’ Executive Functions Using Digital Games: A Systematic Review. ICLS 2025, 826–834. ISLS.

Rahimi, S., Ercan, D., Gao, R., Esmaeiligoujar, S., Babaee, M., et al. (2025). ProductiveMath: A Generative-AI-Powered App to Support Productive Failure Teaching. AIED 2025, 344–351. Springer.

2024

Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar, S. (2024). UF’s Artificial Intelligence in Education Workshop: A State-of-the-Art Perspective from Academia and Industry. Institute of Advance Learning Technologies (IALT), University of Florida. https://ialt.education.ufl.edu/ai-in-education-workshop/

Habibi, A., Toofaninejad, E., Rahimi, S., & Kalantarion, M. (2024). The Transformative Impact of Stealth Assessment on Medical Education. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 12(3), 208-210. https://doi.org/10.30476/jamp.2024.101479.1931

Rahimi, S., & Esmaeiligoujar, S. (2024). UF’s AI in Education Workshop: A Perspective from Academia and Learning Industry. Digital Promise & ISLS Rapid Community Report Series, 1–20.

Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2024). Stealth assessment: A theoretically grounded and psychometrically sound method. Educational Technology Research & Development, 72(5), 2417–2441.

Rahimi, S., Smith, J. B., et al. (2024). An automated, unobtrusive, formative assessment of creativity in a computer science and music remixing learning environment. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts.

2023

Rahimi, S. (2023, November 3). I decide to be creative and study it creatively [Blog post]. Messier Website’s Blog Posts on Creativity. https://www.messier.co/post/i-decide-to-be-creative-and-study-it-creatively

Shute, V. J., Fulwider, G. C., Liu, Z., & Rahimi, S. (2023). Machine Learning. In R. Tierney, F. Rizvi, & K. Ercikan (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (4th Edition) (pp. 83-91). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.14013-8

Smith, G., Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., Kuba, R., & Dai, C.-P. (2023). Stealth assessment and digital learning game design. In M. P. McCreery, & S. K., Krach (Eds.), Games as stealth assessments (pp. 81-100). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0568-3.ch004

Rahimi, S., Almond, R., Shute, V. (2023). Stealth assessment’s technical architecture. In M. P. McCreery, & S. K., Krach (Eds.), Games as stealth assessments (pp. 61-80). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0568-3.ch003

Rahimi, S., Almond, R., Shute, V., Sun, C. (2023). Getting the first and second decimals right: Psychometrics of stealth assessment. In M. P. McCreery, & S. K., Krach (Eds.), Games as stealth assessments (pp. 125-153). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0568-3.ch006

Rahimi, S., Walker, J., Lin, L., & Shin, J. (2023). Toward defining and assessing creativity in sandbox games. Creativity Research Journal, 36(2), 194–212.

Rafner, J., Wang, Q. J., et al. (2023). Towards game-based assessment of creative thinking. Creativity Research Journal, 35(4), 763–782.

Rahimi, S. (2023). Going beyond the brick: Assessing and supporting creativity using AI-powered digital games. Creativity Research Journal, 37(2), 275–283.

2022

Rahimi, S., Walker, J., Lin, L., & Shin, J. (2022). In pursuit of creativity in Minecraft: A mixed-method approach. In C., Chinn, E., Tan, C., Chan, & Kali, Y. (Eds.), International Collaboration toward Educational Innovation for All—the ICLS proceedings (pp. 1397-1400).

Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (2022). Stealth assessment: A primer. Digital Promise & ISLS Rapid Community Report Series, 1–11.

Yang, X., Rahimi, S., et al. (2022). Exploring students’ behavioral patterns when playing educational games with learning supports at different timings. Educational Technology Research and Development, 70(4), 1441–1471.

Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., et al. (2022). Timing of learning supports in educational games can impact students’ outcomes. Computers & Education, 190, 104600.

2021

Shute, V. J., Lu, X., & Rahimi, S. (2021). Stealth assessment. In J. M. Spector (Ed.), The Routledge Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 1-9). London, UK: Taylor & Francis group.

Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. (2021). The Effects of Video Games on Creativity. In S. Russ, J. Hoffmann, & J. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Lifespan Development of Creativity (pp. 368-392). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., & Zhang, Q. (2021). The effect of game difficulty and conceptual difficulty on student persistence in a learning game: a hierarchical linear modeling approach. International Journal of Technology in Education & Science. 5(2), 141-165. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.118

Rahimi, S., Shute, V. J., Kuba, R., Dai, C-P., Yang. X., Smith, G., & Alonso Fernández, C. (2021). The use and effects of incentive systems on learning and performance in educational games. Computers & Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104135

Kuba, R., Rahimi, S., Smith, G., Shute, V., Dai, C-P. (2021). Using the first principles of instruction and multimedia learning principles to design and develop in-game learning support videos. Educational Technology Research and Development (ETRD). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09994-3

Rafner, J., Biskjær, M. M., Zana, B., Langsford, S., Bergenholtz, C., Rahimi, S., Carugati, A., Noy, L., & Sherson, J. (2021). Digital games for creativity assessment: Strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. Creativity Research Journal, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2021.1971447

Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2021). Learning analytics dashboards in educational games. In Sahin & Ifenthaler (Eds.), Visualizations and Dashboards for Learning Analytics, pp. 527–546. Springer.

Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (2021). Stealth assessment of creativity using video games. Computers in Human Behavior, 116, 106647.

Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2021). First inspire, then instruct to improve students’ creativity. Computers & Education, 174, 104312.

2020

Rahimi, S. (2020, June 22). The inspirational silver lining for learning in Iran [Blog post]. Silver Lining for Learning Initiative Blog. https://silverliningforlearning.org/the-inspirational-silver-lining-for-learning-in-iran/

Rahimi, S. (2020). Virtual Reality in education. The Iranian encyclopedia of curriculum and instruction (9 pages). Talaei, E. (Ed.). Tehran, Iran. www.daneshnamehicsa.ir.

Almond, R. G., Shute, V. J., Tingir, S., & Rahimi, S. (2020). Identifying observable outcomes in game-based assessments. In R. Lissitz and H. Jiao (Ed.), Applications of artificial intelligence to assessment (35 pages). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

Shute, V. J., Smith, G., Kuba, R., Dai, C-P., Rahimi, S., Liu, Z., & Almond, R. G. (2020). The design, development, and testing of learning supports for the Physics Playground game. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-020-00196-1

Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., et al. (2020). Maximizing learning without sacrificing the fun: Stealth assessment, adaptivity, and learning supports in educational games. Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning, 37(1), 1–15.

2019

Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., & Lu, X. (2019). Supporting learning in educational games: Promises and challenges. In P. Díaz, A. Ioannou, K. K. Bhagat, & J. M. Spector (Eds.), Learning in a Digital World. New York, NY: Springer.

Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., & Smith, G. (2019). Game-based learning analytics in Physics Playground. In M. Chang, & A. Tlili (Eds.), Data analytics approaches in educational games and gamification systems (26 pages). New York: Springer.

Shute, V. J., Ke, F., Almond, R. G., Rahimi, S., et al. (2019). How to increase learning while not decreasing the fun in educational games. In R. Feldman (Ed.), Learning Science: Theory, Research, and Practice. McGraw-Hill.

Spann, C. A., Shute, V. J., Rahimi, S., & D’Mello, S. K. (2019). The productive role of cognitive reappraisal in regulating frustration during game-based learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 358–369.

2018

Binti Mat Sin, N., Ab Aziz, A., Othman, H., Rahimi, S. A., & Woods, P. (2011). E-learning Islamic studies to form four students. Journal of Computer Technology and Application, 2, 439–448.

Rahimi, S., & Shute, V. J. (2016). Designing the class as a game to promote active learning in K–12 education. AECT 2016 Proceedings, 109–117.

Shute, V. J., & Rahimi, S. (2017). Review of computer-based assessment for learning in elementary and secondary education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 33(1), 1–19.

Karumbaiah, S., Rahimi, S., Baker, R. S., Shute, V. J., & D’Mello, S. (2018). Is student frustration in learning games more associated with game mechanics or conceptual understanding? ICLS 2018. London, UK.

Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar, S., Celik, D., Gao, R., Keawphonkrang, S. (under review). Promoting growth mindset game-based learning: A systematic review of the literature. Submitted to the Gaming & Simulation journal.

Rahimi, S., Ercan, D., Gao, R., Esmaeiligoujar*, S. (under review). ProductiveMath: Human-in-the-Loop Generative AI for Scaling Productive Failure in Math Teaching and Learning. Submitted to Computers & Education.

Rahimi, S., Esmaeiligoujar, S., Celik, D., & Shute, V. J. (under review). Stealth assessments in technology-rich learning environments: A systematic review of implementation, modeling, and psychometric quality. Submitted to Review of Educational Research.